Research & Publications

The Intercultural Development Inventory® is used in a variety of research applications by independent IDI Qualified Administrator researchers. Explore our searchable index of publications to learn more about how the IDI has been used.

Our goal is to provide a complete database of articles related to the IDI. Do you have an IDI publication that you would like to share with us? Please let us know!

Hermanson, Durwin D. (2018). Using IDI Guided Development to Increase Intercultural Competence. Culminating Projects in Education Administration and Leadership. 41.
The qualitative case study examined Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) pre-post test data and responses from a sample of preservice teachers. The study focused on the effect of the process of administering IDI Guided Development to increase the intercultural competence of preservice teachers. The study was based on the conceptual framework of the Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC). In addition, intercultural competence models, theories, practices, and strategies were examined, including Deardorff’s Developing and Assessing Intercultural Competence Models, Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory, Mezirow’s Transformative Learning Theory, Loden’s Dimensions of Diversity Wheel, and Weigl’s Cultural Self-Study. The findings of the study revealed how effective IDI Guided Development, a comprehensive five-step developmental process, combined with individualized coaching guidance by an IDI Qualified Administrator, produced impressive increases in intercultural competence development. Drawing on many educational theories and models, the study results demonstrated the importance of using a combination of a high-quality assessment tool, a transformative experiential learning process for change, measurable goals and outcomes, and a coach to facilitate the development of intercultural competence.
2018
Qualitative
Higher Education (General)
2016-2020

Keywords:

higher-education, idi-guided-development, intercultural-development-plan-idp, coaching

Methodological Approach:

descriptive-statistics, qualitative-analysis
Harder, N. (2018). Determining the effects of simulation on intercultural competency in undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educator, 43(1), 4-6.
The study focused on understanding the impact of interventions to help nursing students develop intercultural competence. The intervention included the use of high-fidelity manikin simulation. The objective of the simulation was to (1) identify intercultural differences between the patient and the nurse, (2) discuss strategies to promote intercultural safety, and (3) use intercultural safe communication strategies when administering medication. Twenty students participated in the study, and all students took the pre and post-IDI assessments. The DO scores in the pre-IDI was 89.73, and after the intervention, their DO scores increased by 3.38 points, and the post-IDI DO score was 93.11. The study concluded that educators in the nursing field need to design structured interventions to help students become interculturally aware.
2018
Quantitative
Healthcare
2016-2020

Keywords:

idi

Methodological Approach:

descriptive-statistics
Álvarez Valdivia, I. M., & González Montoto, I. (2018). Teachers’ intercultural competence: A requirement or an option in a culturally diverse classroom?. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22(5), 510-526.
This study was conducted in Spain, and the objective was to understand the intercultural sensitivity of elementary school teachers. The study followed a mixed method design. In the quantitative phase, teachers were asked to complete the IDI assessment. The results of the IDI demonstrated that teachers perceived themselves in the acceptance stage, whereas the developmental orientation of the teachers was at minimization. The qualitative data was collected in the form of group discussions. The results of the group discussion were triangulated with the findings of the quantitative results. Combining the qualitative and quantitative results, it was concluded that some teachers compared the cultures from the 'us versus them' perspective, and some teachers just focused on the commonality of the cultures. The study demonstrated that professional development helped the teachers to become culturally aware and understand their perceptions of other cultures. Further study also emphasized that there is a need for more research on intercultural learning in the context of elementary school teachers.
2018
Mixed-Method
Teacher Development
2016-2020

Keywords:

idi, group-discussion

Methodological Approach:

descriptive-statistics-and-small-scale-methodological-approach
Andrews, S. (2018). Spreading and embedding an equity lens at Bush Foundation.
The paper discussed the strategies that Bush Foundation undertook to build a equitable organizational climate. The foundation made several chages in the last five years, such as defining the operating value, appointing a long term consulting partner,Conducted workshops, tranlated the theoretical learning into practical solution, wrote a equity statement, created a Equity Team, incorporated equity changes into daily business. Some of the key decisions included the use of IDI to assess the intercultural competence of the study. The results of the IDI assessment demonstrated that the perceived scores of the majority of employees were much higher than the developmental orientation score. The IDI scores demonstrated that employees moved ahead on the continuum from their pre to post IDI scores. as A group employees were moving towards acceptance. Moreover inorder to meet the defined goal of creating a equitable organizational climate Bush foundation decided to look into the strategies and make improvements, sustaining the changes, and celebrating the progress
2018
Quantitative
Business, Management, & Leadership
2016-2020

Keywords:

idi

Methodological Approach:

descriptive
Green, A. R., Tulissi, A., Erais, S., Cairns, S. L., & Bruckner, D. (2018). Building an inclusive campus: Developing students’ intercultural competencies through an interreligious and intercultural diversity program. Canadian Journal of Higher Education/Re
The study was conducted in the context of post-secondary institutions. The curriculum changes were made to help students develop intercultural competence and sensitivity. The students participated in a 4 month-long inter-religious and intercultural diversity program. The objective of the program was to help students develop experiential learning, critical thinking, self-reflection, and cultural mentoring. The study used an IDI pre-posttest to evaluate intercultural competence (ICC) development. Further thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the student reflections from the pre-program component. The results of the t-test revealed that students demonstrated a statistically significant increase in DO scores from T1 (pre) to T2 (post). And there was a statistically significant decrease in the Orientation Gap (OG) scores. The thematic analysis helped to identify patterns from the reflection. The five themes that emerged were: shifting perspectives, enhancing intercultural engagement skills, connecting, inspiring action, and personal growth. Overall the study concluded that participating in the 4-month-long project helped students develop ICC.
2018
Mixed-Method
Experiential Learning
2016-2020

Keywords:

inter-religious-and-intercultural-diversity-program

Methodological Approach:

idi, t-test

White Paper

White Paper

Validity

Validity

Graduate Program

Graduate Program

Physical Therapy

Physical Therapy

Nursing

Nursing

Learning Communities

Learning Communities

First Year Students

First Year Students

High Impact Practices

High Impact Practices

Anti-Racism

Anti-Racism

World Language Learning

World Language Learning

Curriculum Revision

Curriculum Revision

Learning and Development

Learning and Development

Employee Engagement

Employee Engagement

Managers

Managers

COIL

COIL

Engineering Course

Engineering Course

UN Sustainable Development Goals

UN Sustainable Development Goals

Course Curriculum

Course Curriculum

Interior Design Curriculum

Interior Design Curriculum

Interior Design Education

Interior Design Education

Interior Design

Interior Design

Horse Industry

Horse Industry

Short-Term Study Abroad

Short-Term Study Abroad

Perseverance

Perseverance

Equity

Equity

Reconciliation

Reconciliation

Justice

Justice

Pilgrimage

Pilgrimage

Intercultural Leadership

Intercultural Leadership

Preservice Teachers

Preservice Teachers

Diverse Learners

Diverse Learners

Agricultural Education

Agricultural Education

Service Learning

Service Learning

Nutrition

Nutrition

CBMCC

CBMCC

Tertiary Education

Tertiary Education

Multicultural Education

Multicultural Education

Critical Race Theory

Critical Race Theory

Diversity Education

Diversity Education

Dilemma

Dilemma

Disorienting

Disorienting

Mentorship

Mentorship

Transformative Learning

Transformative Learning

Military

Military

Linguistics

Linguistics

Internationalization of School Education

Internationalization of School Education

Assessment

Assessment

Secondary School

Secondary School

International Pupil Mobility

International Pupil Mobility

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters

Peru

Peru

Culturally Responsive School Leadership

Culturally Responsive School Leadership

Doctoral Students

Doctoral Students

Leadership

Leadership

Staff

Staff

Languages

Languages

Autobiography

Autobiography

Diversity

Diversity

Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism

Reflective Writing

Reflective Writing

International Education

International Education

Intercultural Development

Intercultural Development

Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC)

Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC)

Face-to-Face Learning

Face-to-Face Learning

Virtual Learning

Virtual Learning

Healthcare

Healthcare

Undergraduate Students

Undergraduate Students

STEM Education

STEM Education

Coaching

Coaching

Intercultural Development Plan (IDP)

Intercultural Development Plan (IDP)

IDI Guided Development

IDI Guided Development

Ethics Position Questionnaire

Ethics Position Questionnaire

Higher Education

Higher Education

SILC

SILC

Quasi-Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental Design

Comfort Providing End-of-Life Care

Comfort Providing End-of-Life Care

ICL

ICL

STEM

STEM

Inventory For Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV)

Inventory For Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV)

Disposition To Forgive Scale

Disposition To Forgive Scale

NEP (New Ecological Paradigm)

NEP (New Ecological Paradigm)

LSS

LSS

Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying

Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying

Reflections

Reflections

MAKSS-R

MAKSS-R

myCAP

myCAP

Group Discussion

Group Discussion

Upper Class-Men

Upper Class-Men

CCSE

CCSE

Experiential Learning

Experiential Learning

Creative Action Methodology

Creative Action Methodology

Religious Orientation Scale-Revised

Religious Orientation Scale-Revised

Spiritual Assessment Inventory

Spiritual Assessment Inventory

Materialism Scale

Materialism Scale

Quest Scale

Quest Scale

Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revise

Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revise

Intercultural Learning (ICL)

Intercultural Learning (ICL)

Engineering

Engineering

Speech Therapy

Speech Therapy

Role of Institution/Instructor

Role of Institution/Instructor

Research Synthesis

Research Synthesis

Dependent Sample T-Tests

Dependent Sample T-Tests

Independent Sample T-Test

Independent Sample T-Test

Journal Entries

Journal Entries

Student Narratives

Student Narratives

Narrative Analysis

Narrative Analysis

Skills Survey-Revised (MAKSS-R)

Skills Survey-Revised (MAKSS-R)

Student Learning Outcomes

Student Learning Outcomes

Course Design

Course Design

Paired Sample t-Test

Paired Sample t-Test

Enneagram

Enneagram

Intercultural Conflict Style (ICS) Inventory

Intercultural Conflict Style (ICS) Inventory

Written Reflections

Written Reflections

Independent T-Test

Independent T-Test

Phenomenology

Phenomenology

Two-Sample t-Test

Two-Sample t-Test

One-Tailed Test

One-Tailed Test

Case Study

Case Study

N/A

N/A

Thematic Analysis of Various Documents

Thematic Analysis of Various Documents

IDI Instrument

IDI Instrument

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Focus Group

Focus Group

Semi-Structured Interviews

Semi-Structured Interviews

CHI SQUARE

CHI SQUARE

ANCOVA

ANCOVA

Herman Brian Dominence Instrument

Herman Brian Dominence Instrument

Intervention

Intervention

Regression Analysis

Regression Analysis

Experiment and Control Groups of UG Students

Experiment and Control Groups of UG Students

IDI Survey

IDI Survey

Pre-Post IDI Survey

Pre-Post IDI Survey

Analysis of Variance

Analysis of Variance

Technical Action Research

Technical Action Research

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

Content Analysis

Content Analysis

Thematic Analysis

Thematic Analysis

Interviews

Interviews

Study Abroad

Study Abroad

ACC&U Rubrics for Scoring Written Responses

ACC&U Rubrics for Scoring Written Responses

Independent Sample T-Test and Thematic Analysis

Independent Sample T-Test and Thematic Analysis

Pre-Post Assessment

Pre-Post Assessment

Pre-Post-Test Design

Pre-Post-Test Design

ANOVA Two Way and Correlation

ANOVA Two Way and Correlation

Multiple Regression

Multiple Regression

Descriptive

Descriptive

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics and Content Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Content Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Small Scale Methodological Approach

Descriptive Statistics and Small Scale Methodological Approach

Correlation

Correlation

ANOVA

ANOVA

Descriptive Statistics and Thematic Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Thematic Analysis

Paired T-Test

Paired T-Test

SAGS

SAGS

Pre-Interviews

Pre-Interviews

Critical Thinking Test Scale

Critical Thinking Test Scale

ANOVA One-Way

ANOVA One-Way

Quantitative

Quantitative

T-Test

T-Test

IDI

IDI
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