Research & Publications

The Intercultural Development Inventory® is used in a variety of research applications by independent IDI Qualified Administrator researchers. Explore our searchable index of publications to learn more about how the IDI has been used.

Our goal is to provide a complete database of articles related to the IDI. Do you have an IDI publication that you would like to share with us? Please let us know!

Jaiswal, A., Jin, L. & Acheson, K. (2024). Evaluation of STEM Program on Student Intercultural Development: Do Intercultural Interventions Work?
Developing an interculturally competent STEM workforce is the need of time. Research has demonstrated that STEM students find it challenging to work with individuals from diverse backgrounds. This study used Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) instrument to understand the intercultural learning gains of technology students by administrating the survey in the program’s first year and final year. The data were analyzed using multivariate statistics to assess the intercultural learning gains of the students. The study results indicate that students demonstrated a statistically significant increase in intercultural competence as they progressed from their first year to their final year of college. The study also indicated that having an intercultural mindset and participating in intercultural activities such as study abroad programs or intercultural mentoring can help students internalize intercultural competence and make meaningful gains on the intercultural development continuum. The study also provides recommendations to help students develop interculturally.
2024
Quantitative
STEM
Since 2021

Keywords:

intercultural-learning, stem-education, undergraduate-students, higher-education

Methodological Approach:

descriptive-statistics, t-test, anova
Jaiswal, A., Masters, C., Jin, L., Inani, T., Schenkel, A., Sapkota, M., & Krishnan, L. (2023). It's Never Too Soon! Comparing Intercultural Learning Outcomes of Undergraduate Students via Face-to-Face and Online Teaching Modalities.
Providing culturally responsive care for a diverse patient population is critical for future speech-language pathologists and audiologists. Prior studies have shown gains in intercultural competence (ICC) from study abroad programs, face-to-face classes, and online courses; however, limited studies have investigated differences between face-to-face and online modes of delivery in speech-language pathology and audiology. The purpose of this study was (a) to evaluate whether there are quantitative differences in development of ICC in a direct comparison of a face-to-face and 100% asynchronous online introductory in communication disorders, and (b) to describe participants learning through the structural intercultural learning activities embedded into the course using a qualitative approach.
2023
Mixed-Method
Healthcare
Since 2021

Keywords:

healthcare, audiology, speech-therapy, higher-education, virtual-learning, face-to-face-learning

Methodological Approach:

thematic-analysis, pre-post-test-design, descriptive-statistics, paired-t-test
DiBiasio, P. A., Vallabhajosula, S., & Eigsti, H. J. (2023). Assessing cultural competence: a comparison of two measures and their utility in global learning experiences within healthcare education. Physiotherapy, 118, 97-104.
The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the two instruments Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI) and Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among healthcare professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV) in the measuring cultural competence for Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students. The participants of the study are First Year Students (n=78) and Third Year students (n=82). The assessment for the First Year Students were conducted within four weeks of start of the program and for the Third Year students it was conducted four weeks prior to the graduation. The results of study showed that there was significantly low association between three construct scores of Cultural Knowledge, Skill, and Desire with IDI PO scores. Also there was low association between as well as the IAPCC-SV total, and the constructs of Cultural Knowledge and Skill with the IDI DO scores. Overall there was significantly low relationship between constructs of IDI and IAPCC-SV. The study concluded that the  both the instruments measures different constructs of the cultural competence therefore instruments showed a low significant relationship IDI and IAPCC-SV scores.
2023
Quantitative
Healthcare
Since 2021

Keywords:

idi, inventory-for-assessing-the-process-of-cultural-competenceamong-healthcare-professionals-student-version-iapcc-sv

Methodological Approach:

descriptive-statistics
Martinez-Duarte, R., Turnbull, S., Guggisberg, T., & Dobarganes, J. (2022, August). Identifying Best Practices to sustain a US-Mexico International Program integrated into an engineering curriculum. In 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
The study was conducted to assess the intercultural learning gains of the undergraduate design students enrolled in avirtual exchange program. The students from a US university and an from an University in Mexico were participants of the study. Students from both the univerisities formed teams and they were required to solve a common design problem. The students also took a pre-post IDI assessment. The results of the study showed that there was decrese in the DO scores of the students from pre to post test. Students were at 87.45 ( Minimization at the pre) and post DO was at Polarization - Reversal 83.31. The study concluded that it is important to conduct a well thought out curriclum for the students focussed on intercultural learning.
2022
Quantitative
STEM
Since 2021

Keywords:

idi

Methodological Approach:

descriptive-statistics
Cutting, M., Goda, Y., & Suzuki, K. (2022). Evaluation of Pre-Departure Training for Study Abroad by Adapting Kirkpatrick’s Model. International Journal for Educational Media and Technology, 16(1), 27-37.
The study investigated the impact of the pre-departure training on the intercultural learning gains of the students. The study was conducted in the Japanese context. The study used Kirkpatricks Evaluation Model to assess the intercultural learning gains of the students. The study used IDI assessment pre and post, showcase portfolios and Surveys to assess the intercultural learning gains of the students. The students were grouped into two categories transfer focussed and non-transfer focussed. The results of the study indicated that students in the transfer focussed group and non-transfer focussed indicated a significant increase in the intercultural learning. Students in both the groups moved from Polarization to the center of Minimization. But students in transfer focussed grouped showed higher level of intercultural learning gains than non-transfer students. Also 50% of the transfer students showed increase in Critical Behavior based on the portfolio analysis. Overall the study concludes that students KirkPatricks evaluation model can be used in the designing pre-training for study abroad. The study also illustrates that mindful training can lead to increase in intercultural training and achieve the study abroad learning outcomes.
2022
Quantitative
International Education
Since 2021

Keywords:

idi

Methodological Approach:

descriptive-statistics, t-test

Intercultural Development

Intercultural Development

Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC)

Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC)

Face-to-Face Learning

Face-to-Face Learning

Virtual Learning

Virtual Learning

Healthcare

Healthcare

Undergraduate Students

Undergraduate Students

STEM Education

STEM Education

Coaching

Coaching

Intercultural Development Plan (IDP)

Intercultural Development Plan (IDP)

IDI Guided Development

IDI Guided Development

Ethics Position Questionnaire

Ethics Position Questionnaire

Higher Education

Higher Education

SILC

SILC

Quasi-Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental Design

Comfort Providing End-of-Life Care

Comfort Providing End-of-Life Care

ICL

ICL

STEM

STEM

Inventory For Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV)

Inventory For Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals-Student Version© (IAPCC-SV)

Disposition To Forgive Scale

Disposition To Forgive Scale

NEP (New Ecological Paradigm)

NEP (New Ecological Paradigm)

LSS

LSS

Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying

Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying

Reflections

Reflections

MAKSS-R

MAKSS-R

myCAP

myCAP

Group Discussion

Group Discussion

Upper Class-Men

Upper Class-Men

CCSE

CCSE

Experiential Learning

Experiential Learning

Creative Action Methodology

Creative Action Methodology

Religious Orientation Scale-Revised

Religious Orientation Scale-Revised

Spiritual Assessment Inventory

Spiritual Assessment Inventory

Materialism Scale

Materialism Scale

Quest Scale

Quest Scale

Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revise

Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revise

Intercultural Learning (ICL)

Intercultural Learning (ICL)

Engineering

Engineering

Speech Therapy

Speech Therapy

Role of Institution/Instructor

Role of Institution/Instructor

Integration of Intercultural Learning In Nursing

Integration of Intercultural Learning In Nursing

Gratitude Questionnaire

Gratitude Questionnaire

IDI and Reflection Papers

IDI and Reflection Papers

IDI

IDI

Semester Long Study Abroad

Semester Long Study Abroad

VR

VR

Virtual Exchange

Virtual Exchange

Exploratory Study

Exploratory Study

IDI Study Abroad

IDI Study Abroad

Inter-Religious and Intercultural Diversity Program

Inter-Religious and Intercultural Diversity Program

Impact of Professional Development

Impact of Professional Development

Freshman

Freshman

Curriculum Integration

Curriculum Integration

Impact of Study Abroad

Impact of Study Abroad

Living Learning Community (LLC)

Living Learning Community (LLC)

Teacher Education

Teacher Education

Audiology

Audiology

EPICS

EPICS

Intercultural Mindset

Intercultural Mindset

Intercultural Competence

Intercultural Competence

Intercultural Sensitivity

Intercultural Sensitivity

Intercultural Learning

Intercultural Learning

Intercultural Competence Among Nursing Students

Intercultural Competence Among Nursing Students

Pre-Training

Pre-Training

Study Abroad

Study Abroad

Case Study

Case Study

N/A

N/A

Thematic Analysis of Various Documents

Thematic Analysis of Various Documents

IDI Instrument

IDI Instrument

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Focus Group

Focus Group

Semi-Structured Interviews

Semi-Structured Interviews

CHI SQUARE

CHI SQUARE

ANCOVA

ANCOVA

Herman Brian Dominence Instrument

Herman Brian Dominence Instrument

Intervention

Intervention

Regression Analysis

Regression Analysis

Experiment and Control Groups of UG Students

Experiment and Control Groups of UG Students

IDI Survey

IDI Survey

Pre-Post IDI Survey

Pre-Post IDI Survey

Analysis of Variance

Analysis of Variance

Technical Action Research

Technical Action Research

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

Content Analysis

Content Analysis

Thematic Analysis

Thematic Analysis

Interviews

Interviews

Study Abroad

Study Abroad

ACC&U Rubrics for Scoring Written Responses

ACC&U Rubrics for Scoring Written Responses

Independent Sample T-Test and Thematic Analysis

Independent Sample T-Test and Thematic Analysis

Pre-Post Assessment

Pre-Post Assessment

Pre-Post-Test Design

Pre-Post-Test Design

ANOVA Two Way and Correlation

ANOVA Two Way and Correlation

Multiple Regression

Multiple Regression

Descriptive

Descriptive

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics and Content Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Content Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Small Scale Methodological Approach

Descriptive Statistics and Small Scale Methodological Approach

Correlation

Correlation

ANOVA

ANOVA

Descriptive Statistics and Thematic Analysis

Descriptive Statistics and Thematic Analysis

Paired T-Test

Paired T-Test

SAGS

SAGS

Pre-Interviews

Pre-Interviews

Critical Thinking Test Scale

Critical Thinking Test Scale

ANOVA One-Way

ANOVA One-Way

Quantitative

Quantitative

T-Test

T-Test

IDI

IDI
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